anchor01

modal を左から

HTML
Modalを開くためのリンク(aタグ)
<a href="#" class="btn btn-outline-secondary ml-auto" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#exampleModal01" aria-controls="exampleModal01" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Modal navigation" role="button">MODAL from L</a>
Modal
<div class="modal fade" id="exampleModal01" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModal01Title" aria-hidden="true">
    <div class="modal-dialog dialog-left" role="document">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="modal-header">
          <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModal01Title">Modal title</h5>
          <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
            <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
          </button>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-body">
        .......
        </div>
        <div class="modal-footer">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
SCSS
scss(sass) + compassで書いているので、cssについてはブラウザのデベロッパーツール等でご確認ください。
.modal-dialog.dialog-left {
  @include size(80%, auto);
  margin: 0;
  .modal-header, .modal-content, .modal-footer {
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
  }
  .modal.fade & {
    @include transition(transform .3s ease-out);
    @include translate(-50px, 0);
  }
  .modal.show & {
    transform: none;
  }
}

Sass変数を使用してBootstrap 4をカスタマイズするには、https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.2/getting-started/theming/このあたりをご確認ください。

anchor02

modal を右から

anchor03

modal 右から、高さ100%

HTML
Modalを開くためのリンク(aタグ)
<a href="#" class="btn btn-outline-secondary ml-auto" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#exampleModal03" aria-controls="exampleModal03" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Modal navigation" role="button">MODAL from R</a>
Modal
<div class="modal fade modal-right" id="exampleModal03" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModal03Title" aria-hidden="true">
    <div class="modal-dialog dialog-height-right" role="document">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="modal-header">
          <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModal03Title">Modal title</h5>
          <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
            <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
          </button>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-body">
          <p>Modal 右から(heightは100%)</p>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-footer justify-content-start">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
SCSS
scss(sass) + compassで書いているので、cssはChromeのDevTools等でご確認ください。
.modal-dialog.dialog-height-right {
    @include size(80%, 100%);
    margin: 0;
    margin-left: auto;
    .modal-header, .modal-content, .modal-footer {
      border: none;
      border-radius: 0;
    }
    .modal-content {
    height: inherit;
    }
    .modal-right.fade & {
      @include transition(transform .3s ease-out);
      @include translate(50px, 0);
    }
    .modal-right.show & {
      transform: none;
    }
  }
                  

anchor04

modal 左から、高さ100%
Modal内にページ内リンク

HTML
Modalを開くためのリンク(aタグ)
<a href="#" class="btn btn-outline-secondary ml-auto" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#exampleModal04" aria-controls="exampleModal04" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Modal navigation" role="button">MODAL from L</a>
Modal
<div class="modal fade modal-left" id="exampleModal04" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModal04Title" aria-hidden="true">
  <div class="modal-dialog dialog-height-left" role="document">
    <div class="modal-content">
      <div class="modal-header">
        <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModal04Title">Modal title</h5>
        <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
          <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
        </button>
      </div>
      <div class="modal-body">
        <ul class="nav flex-column">
          <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link" href="#anchor01">anchor01</a>
          </li>
          <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link" href="#anchor02">anchor02</a>
          </li>
          <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link" href="#anchor03">anchor03</a>
          </li>
          <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link" href="#anchor04">anchor04</a>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <div class="modal-footer">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
SCSS
scss(sass) + compassで書いているので、cssはChromeのDevTools等でご確認ください。
.modal-dialog.dialog-height-left {
    @include size(80%, 100%);
    margin: 0;
    .modal-header, .modal-content, .modal-footer {
      border: none;
      border-radius: 0;
    }
    .modal-content {
      height: inherit;
    }
    .modal-left.fade & {
      @include transition(transform .3s ease-out);
      @include translate(-50px, 0);
    }
    .modal-left.show & {
      transform: none;
    }
  }
JS
するするスクロール(modalは除外)と、modal内のリンク(クリック)でmodalを閉じる処理
$(function(){
  $('a[href^="#"]' + 'a:not([data-toggle="modal"])').click(function() {
    var speed = 800;
    var href= $(this).attr("href");
    var target = $(href == "#" || href == "" ? 'html' : href);
    var position = target.offset().top;
    $('body,html').animate({scrollTop:position}, speed, 'swing');
    return false;
  });
  $(".modal .nav-link").on('click',function(e){
    e.preventDefault();
    e.stopPropagation();
    location.href = $(this).attr('href');
    $('.modal.show').modal('hide');
    return false;
  });
});